Perspectives on Sexuality - 2863 Words

Perspectives on Sexuality I. Define/explain the following terms: 1. Sex: â€Å"Biological maleness and femaleness† (Crooks, p. G7). 2. Intercourse: â€Å"the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman; the mans penis is inserted into the womans vagina and excited until orgasm and ejaculation occur† (dictionary.com). 3. Heterosexual: â€Å"Sexually oriented to persons of the opposite sex† (dictionary.com). 4. Homosexual: â€Å"A person whose primary erotic, psychological, emotional, and social orientation is toward members of the same sex† (Crooks, p. G4). 5. Bisexual: â€Å"Sexual attraction to both men and women† (Crooks, p. G1). 6. Celibacy: The state of being unmarried and abstaining from sexual intercourse, as superior to marriage (Crooks,†¦show more content†¦One thing for sure as long as human relationships remain complicated human behavior will be interpreted in many ways including what is the â€Å"normal† of sexual behavior. III. Discuss how the sex-for-procreation legacy has evolved legacy has evolved historically, and explain how this theme affects sexual attitudes and behaviors today. The sex-for-procreation legacy is the historical view that North America had in regards to sexual activity. The Roman Catholic Church, as well as pro-life advocates, still holds the belief that the role of sex is for procreation (reproduction). This view follows along the line that birth control should not be used, that abstaining from sex is the method that is acceptable. These groups focus on the fact that sex is not for pleasure. As time has passed, so have the view of North American’s on what is or is not constituted as sex or intercourse. The act of sex has been synonymous with intercourse so teenager and other young adults do not think that acts like oral sex, petting, or kissing constitute an act of sex. If asked, most American teenagers would say that the actual act of penetration is sex, not intercourse. Another factor in the viewpoint is the seemingly wide acceptance of homosexuality as normal, which does not fit the model of sex-for-procreation. Another factor is the significance and distinguishing factorsShow MoreRelatedContemporary Perspectives On Human Sexuality Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesare various perspective on human sexuality. As seen throughout time, human sexuality has taken several routes and has brought about a different perspective and beliefs on human sexuality. This difference is associated with the consequences man received during the Fall. The definition of authentic sexuality is viewed in several ways through a spectrum that includes theological perspective and contemporary society’s perspective. These perspective have affected one’s current perspective and beliefsRead MoreContemporary Perspectives On Human Sexuality Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesare various perspectives on human sexuality. As seen throughout time, human sexuality has taken several routes and has brought about different perspectives and beliefs about human sexuality. This difference is associated with the consequences man received during the Fall. The definition of authentic sexuality is viewed in several ways through a spectrum that includes theological perspective and contemporary society’s perspective. These perspectives have affected one’s current perspective and beliefsRead MoreMy Perspectives on Human Sexuality1632 Words   |  7 PagesSexuality My Perspectives on Human Sexuality Reba McBride Oct. 3, 2010 PSY 265 Kaiewa Masuda Sexuality This is a comprehensive look at the results of the life experiences that have molded and shaped my sexual perspectives. I have had several different things that have happened to shape my thoughts and actions inn my sexual life. Yet now that I have taken this course I have gained a new found understanding for the reactions that were part of my life. The value system thatRead MoreGender And Sexuality : A Sociological Perspective1756 Words   |  8 Pagesgoing to discuss gender and sexuality, but didn t realize it would dig deeper into different perspectives of gender identity, theories behind gender inequality, and homosexuality. In the closing comments, a review of the chapter, it mentions being able to see cultural and environmental influences from a sociological perspective. I believe this whole chapter of gender and sexuality can be summed up by that comment. Besides historical events and stereotypes, gender and sexuality is heavily influenced byRead MoreGender And Sexuality : Perspectives On Lgbt History Essay2188 Words   |  9 Pagespresented in the book, Gender and Sexuality: Perspectives on LGBT History and Current Issues in a Changing World. All of these authors presented in this book seemed to have a talent for writing and putting their frustrations about their society, but also their take on the world around them. T hey present their writings in formats which sometimes a majority of society accepted and may not have even realized that the material presented possessed an underlying message of sexuality which deemed it acceptableRead MoreGender And Sexuality : Perspectives On Lgbt History Essay2179 Words   |  9 Pagespresented in the book, Gender and Sexuality: Perspectives on LGBT History and Current Issues in a Changing World. All of these authors presented in this book seemed to have a talent for writing and putting their frustrations about their society, but also their take on the world around them. They present their writings in formats which sometimes a majority of society accepted and may not have even realized that the material presented possessed an underlying message of sexuality which deemed it acceptableRead MoreSexuality And Gender Identification : A Perspective Point Of View855 Words   |  4 PagesThis analysis the focal point regarding the readings focuses around sexuality and gender identification. First, in Chapter twenty-two, Kaja Silverman clarifies both Freud and Lacan’s theories from a perspective point of view. Additionally, in Chapter Twenty-eight, Jacqueline Rose highlights identification of sexuality and feminism. Finally, the article conducted by, Keith Reader, explains different ways to exemplify â€Å"self† identification in regards to gender identity. Beginning with Chapter Twenty-twoRead MoreGender, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer And Questioning Youths Perspectives Of Inclusive School Based Sexuality Education1060 Words   |  5 PagesBisexual, Transgender, Queer and Questioning Youths’ Perspectives of Inclusive School-Based Sexuality Education is expected to have bias shown throughout the paper to the reader. The title of the research article explains that it is written based off the study group’s perspective. The main purpose as outlined in the first paragraph of the introduction is â€Å"this exploratory st udy is to begin to develop a framework of what it means for sexuality education to be inclusive of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgenderRead MoreDifferences Between Hinduism And Islam925 Words   |  4 PagesSexuality within human culture can have a wide variety of definitions and as human beings on a cultural level differences in â€Å"Appropriate† and â€Å"Inappropriate† sexuality can differ. The Hindu and Muslim traditions and ethics will be examined in this essay. Although there are very similar views between Hinduism and Islam the reasoning behind these, views differ due to the fact that basic key concepts of these faiths differ so tremendously. Although at a superficial glance the ethical viewpoints ofRead MoreThe Topic Of Sexuality1144 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduce the topic of sexuality (para)- Horrocks (1997) points out in his book that sexuality encircles multiple aspects of human existence. Sexuality is then, not a uniform or simple phenomenon and is influenced by the interaction of psychological, biological, social, cultural factors and many more. Horrocks (1997), suggests that to try and understand or explain a definitive conclusion about sexuality seems impossible as sexuality has different meanings to so many groups of people. Introduce

President Lyndon B Johnson s Speech - 1556 Words

President Lyndon B Johnson gave his State of the Union speech on January 8, 1964; Johnson’s speech followed many of the basic principles put forth by our founding fathers in the Declaration of Independence and in the United Sates Constitution. The United States of America was founded upon the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution these documents were drawn up by our founding fathers. The two documents have different purposes, the Declaration of Independence was used to declare independence from the British rule and the Constitution declares our liberties that are granted to all United States citizens. President Lyndon Johnson’s State of the Union Speech also known as the War on poverty Speech because Johnson discussed how he could get America on track and put a stop to poverty. Johnson believed that by creating government building programs, extending tax cuts and increasing food stamps would put an end to poverty. Lyndon Johnson’s ideas expressed simil ar ideas of our founding fathers when they created the constitution and Declaration of Independence America is a country that was founded on the work of previous citizens and the founding fathers and when we think about America we think of a country founded by the people for the people. Through President Johnson’s speech he referred to past events and also referred to former President John F. Kennedy three times. John F. Kennedy was Assassinated and being the vice president Johnson was sworn in and took his place.Show MoreRelatedPresident Lyndon B. Johnson s Speech1786 Words   |  8 PagesWord count: 1701/1786 â€Å"We Shall Overcome† President Lyndon B. Johnson conveyed to congress, I think, the most exhilarating and legendary dialogues in the history of America on March 15, 1965. The speech occurred after the passing of an African American demonstrator in Selma, Alabama (History Matters). Demonstrators were protesting for African Americans to have the right to vote. According to Professor Pauley, teacher of oratory at Calvin College, â€Å"the speech is considered a landmark of U.S. oratory†Read MorePresident Lyndon B. Johnson s Speech957 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Lyndon B. Johnson delivered on the most famous and fascinating speeches in American history on March 15 1965. The speech was inspired over the situation that occurred in Selma, Alabama one week earlier. African Americans were protesting over voting rights, as due to manipulation of the voting system by whites. The purpose of President Johnson’s speech was to convince Congress and Americans to pass his bill on voting reformation. Pre sident Lyndon B. Johnson’s speech is rhetorically effectiveRead MoreLyndon Johnson Was Convinced That Liberal Nationalism And1501 Words   |  7 PagesLyndon Johnson was convinced that liberal nationalism and the power of the federal government could transform society. 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Johnson came into office with plans to tackle the biggest problems which faced the United States, such as the civil rights movement and the unemployment rate. Former President, Lyndon B. Johnson, in his speech, The Great Society, outlined a set of reforms to help persuade the nation s youth to assist in creating a truly â€Å"great society† and propel the nation to greater heights. The purpose of the speech was to layRead MoreLyndon Baines Johnson And The Civil Rights Act Of 1964974 Words   |  4 PagesPrinciple? Lyndon Baines Johnson was born in 1908 in central Texas. At the age of twenty he taught at a fifth, sixth, and seventh grade segregated Mexican-American school in Cotulla, Texas. His career began in teaching but in 1931 Johnson began a political one. Johnson held a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives for eleven years. He was elected in 1937 representing his home state Texas. Johnson was also a lieutenant commander in World War II. He was in the South Pacific when President RooseveltRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1957944 Words   |  4 Pagesfelt the agony of discrimination in the area of housing, the armed forces and transportation. These forms of discrimination joined with the idea of the inferiority of the Negro were the key stumbling blocks of the Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy and Johnson administrations in trying to improve the civil rights of the Negro (Rhode, 2014). In order to take a comprehensive look at the origins of the C.R.A. of 1964, it is necessary to examine the three previous administrations actions towards civil rights

Disconnection in the Midst of Connectivity Free Essays

The revolutions in the area of information and communications technology have brought the world closer. Literally, the world has shrunk because people from Europe can readily communicate with people from Asia; a daughter in the United States can easily contact her parents in South America. The mobile phone networks, the chat rooms and instant messengers in the internet, together with e-mail have significantly lowered the cost of inter-continental communications and have literally transcended space and time. We will write a custom essay sample on Disconnection in the Midst of Connectivity or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition to this revolution, there is also a great deal of developments in the technologies available to humans in doing their chores and conducting their businesses. Even the simplest task can be automated and would require only a touch of a button for it to function. Washing machines, refrigerators and all sorts of electronic gadgets and equipments have indeed made life easier. This is especially true in the case of developed countries where these technologies are readily available. Life has no hassles and lifestyles have become as easy as pushing another button on the remote control of the television. In less developed countries, however, this is not the case. The tendency is for them to rely on traditional means of doing things and conducting their business. Most of these countries in Asia, Africa, and South America doe not have access to most of these new technologies. As a result, they still tend to use their own bodily strength in conducting their businesses and going about their daily lives. For example, in farming, people from less developed countries use their own muscles and animals to till the soil and harvest their agricultural products later on. On the other hand, those in the developed countries tend to use heavy machinery to conduct the same set of activities. Has the use of technology led people and society to become lazy, apathetic and disconnected to the rest of the world? What about individuality? Has it been enhanced or is it being challenged by these new technologies? As the world is shaped by these technologies, will individualism be melted into a smorgasbord of collectivity? Connectivity, Individuality, and the â€Å"Global Village† Marshall Mcluhan (41a) declared that the world has become a â€Å"Global Village†. He said this statement back when the use of the internet is not yet as widespread as it is now. This global village will come about as humans become increasingly dependent on electronic media and other forms of electronic technologies. Through this â€Å"electronic interdependence, the visual culture created by the coming of the printing press and the publication of books, humans will come to use electronic media more and more. Through the increasing popularity and acceptance of electronic media and the culture it develops, a new age will come in which humans will develop a collective consciousness and identity and individualism will be integrated into this collective consciousness. McLuhan declared his thesis in the early 1960s, back when the Internet revolution has not yet started climbing its ascent. This is due to the utilization and because of the message propagated by media since according to him â€Å"the medium is the message† (McLuhan, 20b). He also gave warnings that this global village, if its citizens were not aware of the impact of media and its effects on them as persons, then terror, totalitarianism or anarchy will reign in this village. Technology is, in itself, free of normative standards. When it is used towards certain ends, then it becomes an important tool in shaping the concept of the individual about himself, the relationship of other people to him, and how he stands in relation to the society that he lives in. McLuhan assumed that print technology is the bastion of individualism and that if it were rendered in electronic format, its effects on individualism would also change. (McLuhan, 158a). How do these new technologies increase the connectivity of people around the world? According to Alstyne and Brynjolfsson (4), the speed of the transmission of data and communications has become very quick. In addition, millions of people have access to them, thus increasing the connectivity between and among people all over the world. Although this is the case, the capacity of individuals in absorbing and interacting with so much information is limited. The creation of a more or less uniform social consciousness based on connectivity is simply impossible. There are around 33 million articles and web pages in the Internet in May 1996 according to AlaVista (Alstyne Brynjolfsson, 4). Transcending the Nation: Emergence of New Imagined Communities Benedict Anderson (6) in his book that sought to describe the nation and why people were so attached to it described the nation as an imagined community. This community was conceived in the minds of people with powerful bonds and relationships that are usually defined by religion, race, or language. Anderson traced the development of the nation as an imagined community and pointed out that the printing of books in the people’s vernacular and the industry of publication or â€Å"print-capitalism† is instrumental in the emergence of this imagined community. The result of the diffusion of this medium of communication is that people across geographical areas bound by common languages started to drew together and conceptualize themselves as members of a community, albeit an imagined one. It should also be remembered that during the period of the rise of nationalism, the divine right of monarchs to their thrones were being challenged. Later, colonized people were also revolting against their colonial masters in a bid for independence and autonomy. As such, the common struggles, common language, and other commonalities brought these people together through the print media (Anderson, 7). Although it could be surmised that the people in the nations described by Anderson were still individuals, they were bound by a collective consciousness that led to the development of the nation. From the explanation of Anderson regarding the role of print media in developing imagined communities; as well as the discourse of McLuhan regarding the effects of the changes in the print media, it can be concluded that print media and more recently, electronic media have a huge impact in creating a collective consciousness. The problem of today’s electronic media, especially the internet, is that the message is diverse and there is no single coherent message that is being promoted. Rather there is a hodgepodge of messages and millions of files, most of them are unrelated (Alstyne Brynjolfsson, 5). Given the bulk and diversity of topics in the World Wide Web, Alstyne Brynjolfsson (5) have argued that what is happening is that there is a â€Å"cyber-balkanization† and fragmentation of internet and technology users according to their interest. As such, there are various cliques and groupings of individuals that keep out others who do not share the same interest with them. On the other hand, Pack (16) conjectured that the television is very powerful in shaping the perceptions and understanding of people about the world. Since most of the people of the world are exposed to the television, the advertisements, the shows and even the news reports among others are instrumental in the development of new imagined communities based on interest. Communication and Disconnection As people learn to communicate better in the setting of information and other communication technologies, there is a tendency for people to lose their non-verbal and non-linguistic communication skills. Because of the large amount of time spent by individuals in communicating online or using various information and communication technologies, they spend less time interacting with others, and thus might lose other non-verbal communication skills. This will be a significant loss for society if information and communication technologies hamper the traditional means of communication of individuals in the society. Conclusion Information and communication technologies, as most products of science and innovation, have contributed to an easier lifestyle. However, there are tradeoffs to this. The traditional means of communication are being undermined by the excessive use of these technologies. In addition, the internet, the television and similar technologies are giving rise to new kinds of imagined communities based on common interest and pursuit. These imagined communities, however, lack a single coherent message in comparison to the â€Å"print-capitalism† discourse of Anderson (7) that gave rise to nations as imagined communities. Instead, what is present are a lot of several seemingly disconnected messages that bind certain groups of people across geographies through the process of â€Å"cyber-balkanization† as described by Alstyne Brynjolfsson (4). In certain aspects, there is also an empowerment of individuality in information technology, especially in the Web 2. 0 technologies that seek to give more preference to the way that individuals conduct their computing and extend their presence online (O’Reilly, n. p. ). In the ending of Big Brother (Orwell, n.p. ) the characters in the novel were subjected to extensive brainwashing through the media—visual, print and even coercion. The novel also showed the potent power of media in propagating a message, even a wrong one at that. Such a scenario, however, is unlikely to happen with the current information technologies available since there is no centralized group or person controlling these technologies. Technologies may have had negative effects on the communication skills of people yet individualism is here to stay. How to cite Disconnection in the Midst of Connectivity, Papers

Texas AM University free essay sample

After I have earned my Bachelor’s degree in Texas AM University, I immediately ventured into the professional world. I started my career by working as Sanderson Farms in Bryan, Texas as a line supervisor. In this job, my principal task is to supervise the activities of over 50 employees and to learn about the various operations involved in the poultry processing industry. After only 8 months, I was straight away promoted as a customer service and sales representative. This job entailed working with the sales accounts of grocery giants such as HEB. This positive outcome would have not happened if it were not for my continuous hard work and perseverance to excel in my chosen field. Despite this success, I still feel the need to gain more knowledge about my profession in order to be highly competitive and profitable in the world of agriculture and science. Because of this, I decided to pursue a master’s degree in veterinary at Texas AM University. We will write a custom essay sample on Texas AM University or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For me, this academic institution has helped me immensely in being who I am now. It has equipped me with the necessary knowledge and training that I utilized when I worked for Sanderson Farms. Through this, I know that Texas AM University can provide the necessary education I needed in order to fulfill my lifelong dreams and goals. I know that the road to success and contentment will not be easy. There will be instances when I will be tempted to give up or to question if I have the ability to fulfill my dreams. But due to my experiences when I was an undergraduate and working for Sanderson Farms, I have become more mature and goal-oriented. These events in my life taught me not to dwell on the past and to be more optimistic about my future. With this attitude and determination, I know that I will eventually reach my dream and I can be the best person that I want to be.

Behavioral Disorders essays

Behavioral Disorders essays As all parents and educators know, each child is first and foremost an individual with his or her own particular pattern of strengths and needs for improvement. While this is true of all children, it is important to remember when designing interventions for children with behavioral disorders such as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD), Anxiety or Mood Disorder. There is no typical educational program for children with behavioral disorders such as the ones listed above because the difficulties of any individual child with this diagnosis will vary considerably depending on age, presence or absence of associated problems, level of academic functioning, and a variety of other factors (Sweeny, 1998). Behavior disorders in most children are characterized by poor social relationships due to extremes of aggressiveness, lying, defiance, irritability, blaming others, cruelty, stealing, destructiveness, and rage. Many children with behavioral disorders have difficulty monitoring their behavior to fit the changing demands of both school and social situations. Nearly all of the behaviors associated with the behavioral disorders may be seen in normal children from time to time. The diagnosis is made when the frequency and persistence of these symptoms result in clinical impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning. Most often children resort to negative behavior such as regressing or being very disobedient in order to communicate feelings that they otherwise cannot express, or in response to the belief that their parents are not acknowledging their feelings. Behavioral difficulties might also be an outgrowth of a language problem, often when a child cannot readily understand spoken language or cannot easily put feelings into words. Or they may be part of a family where verbal communication and expressing feelings through words are not encouraged (Forness, 1998). Unfortuna...

Free Essays on Paradise Lost

The book â€Å"Paradise Lost† is quite confusing to read, not only the language, (which I need a dictionary to understand), but also the ideas. I think Milton himself was quite unsure where he really was going with that. From the first view it appeared that the whole book is basically the re-telling of the Book of Genesis, just in poetic verse, but it is not so. However, for people who are familiar with epic poetry of such authors as Homer, we can see that this is really a great example of an epic poem, which is no surprise since in his times, Greek poetry was quite famous and influential. The only difference is that Milton’s poem is not really intended to be read as the poem of adventures, great kings, etc, but as the religious text. After all, Milton is a Puritan, living in 16th century and there is one course that he can take when writing. â€Å"Of Man’s first disobedience and the fruit Of that forbidden tree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of God to men.† Of course in every epic poem, there is a hero, and this one is no different, but who is the real hero in this book? Is it G-d, his Son, Satan, Adam, Eve or the Angels? I really believe that the real hero is Satan, though of course that is not what was intended. However, as every hero, he goes against the authority, he has followers who he encourages with great speeches, and he has a quest which he finally accomplishes. It is generally believed that Angels have no free will, and that they are preprogrammed to be good and cannot turn to evil. Of course with the fall of Satan and his followers we can see that this is not so. It is also believed that G-d if all knowing, and he knew perfectly well what is going to happen, which means that whatever Satan or Adam and Eve did or didn’t do, the fall and exile would of still occurred. So essentially, it is all G-d’s doing, and it is his fault that we were expelled from Eden, and then the... Free Essays on Paradise Lost Free Essays on Paradise Lost In Book’s IV and IX of John Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost, I found the themes of obedience, ignorance and inequality in various relationships to be prevalent throughout the work. The ideology that obedience is paramount in certain relationships is expressed continuously, both between man and woman and between man and god. Ignorance is also idealized and obedience without reflection, a form of ignorance in my opinion, is touted as appropriate behavior . The inferior aspect of woman in relation to the male of the species is also expressed throughout the work as is the idea that conversely â€Å"Beauty† has incredible power. These views can certainly be seen as a reflection of the times Milton lived in. I see a man clearly questioning authority roles, and perhaps questioning his own wisdom in doing so. I believe that one reason Milton chose the setting of Paradise for his epic poem was because it was an ideal place to show the dynamics of the relationship between man and his Lord, man and woman and good and evil. Milton uses classical allusions and universal archetypes to express themes of inequality between the sexes, between parent and child and between man and a divine overlord. It is also the perfect place to outline the power struggle between Satan and God, here we see a battle here between divine beings, between good and evil incarnate, definitely problems in their relationship. Book IV, clearly shows the opinion that obedience is laudable and â€Å"ignorance is bliss.† The first couple dutifully and unquestionably obey God and as a result of this are happy and in love in the garden of Eden. They are forbidden only the fruit of the tree of knowledge, suggesting that somehow too much wisdom is a bad thing, or that God wishes to keep the pair childlike and himself in a place of power in the relationship. Because after all, death comes with knowledge and or disobedience. I find an interesting allusion here to the fact ... Free Essays on Paradise Lost Milton’s Paradise Lost Milton’s Paradise Lost has been praised since its edition as being the greatest English epic of all time, most stunningly in its author's realistic depiction of the fabled parents of humanity, Adam and Eve. How Milton chose to portray the original mother and father has been a focus of much criticism- especially with contemporary readers. One of the main subjects of these comments is in reference to Eve, who, according to many, is a trivial character that is rather naà ¯ve, juvenile, and most definitely inferior to her mate. Nonetheless, which many do not recognize is that, surprisingly, after the fateful Fall, she becomes a much more evolved character. When Eve is introduced to the storyline of the epic, her character is shallow and extremely undeveloped, meant simply for display. She is quite firmly set as being inferior to her mate as a female in a predominantly male world. However, upon her decision to eat the apple from the Tree of Knowledge, her change is dramatic a nd she is no longer the simple character seriously lacking in depth of intellect or knowledge. Thus, as portrayed by Milton, the Fall of the parents of humanity is, in fact, an educational and developing process for Eve. Immediately upon the introduction of Eve to the epic she is clearly portrayed as being slightly dimwitted and unsophisticated, and seems to simply exist for the exhibition of her beauty and grace. She is shown as being desirable and extremely beautiful to look upon, as Milton often describes her beauty. Actually, the first time that Eve sees Adam she flees from him in fear, as he was not as beautiful as the image that she saw of herself in a pool of water. In fact, she was so infatuated with the image of herself that she would have remained had God not taken her away to meet her mate: â€Å"Pleas’d it return’d as soon with answering looks/ Of sympathy and love, there I fixt/ Mine eyes till now, and pin’d with vain... Free Essays on Paradise Lost The book â€Å"Paradise Lost† is quite confusing to read, not only the language, (which I need a dictionary to understand), but also the ideas. I think Milton himself was quite unsure where he really was going with that. From the first view it appeared that the whole book is basically the re-telling of the Book of Genesis, just in poetic verse, but it is not so. However, for people who are familiar with epic poetry of such authors as Homer, we can see that this is really a great example of an epic poem, which is no surprise since in his times, Greek poetry was quite famous and influential. The only difference is that Milton’s poem is not really intended to be read as the poem of adventures, great kings, etc, but as the religious text. After all, Milton is a Puritan, living in 16th century and there is one course that he can take when writing. â€Å"Of Man’s first disobedience and the fruit Of that forbidden tree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of God to men.† Of course in every epic poem, there is a hero, and this one is no different, but who is the real hero in this book? Is it G-d, his Son, Satan, Adam, Eve or the Angels? I really believe that the real hero is Satan, though of course that is not what was intended. However, as every hero, he goes against the authority, he has followers who he encourages with great speeches, and he has a quest which he finally accomplishes. It is generally believed that Angels have no free will, and that they are preprogrammed to be good and cannot turn to evil. Of course with the fall of Satan and his followers we can see that this is not so. It is also believed that G-d if all knowing, and he knew perfectly well what is going to happen, which means that whatever Satan or Adam and Eve did or didn’t do, the fall and exile would of still occurred. So essentially, it is all G-d’s doing, and it is his fault that we were expelled from Eden, and then the... Free Essays on Paradise Lost Meadows 1 John Milton’s Paradise Lost is a work that attempts, in part, to justify the ways of God to mankind. This is a tremendous undertaking, even for as skilled a craftsman as Milton. In his attempt to achieve his goal, Milton crafts the character of Satan with seemingly great accuracy and skill. His success in breathing life into the character of Satan may be his greatest success in the epic. Part of the reason why Milton’s task is so ominous is that the seemingly indescribable pervades Paradise Lost. Throughout the epic, Milton is faced with the challenge of not only describing, but manipulating concepts and characters such as God, Paradise, and Satan. These concepts are difficult to work with because of their abstract nature. The difficulty arises from the inability of any human being to comprehend them experientially. No one can truly know what good or evil are in their purest forms. No one can describe the perfect place with total accuracy because no one has ever experienced what it is to live in such a place. The finest example of this involves the depiction of Paradise throughout Paradise Lost. In his depiction, Milton uses his own experience and understanding to depict a place of perfection. Can he be accurate, however, without ever experiencing Paradise himself? In truth, he cannot. Each individual reader most likely has their own idea of Paradise. Whether or not these ideas coincide with those of Milton, all of them, including Milton’s, are incomplete. In Milton’s case, one of the striking aspects of Paradise is that Adam and Eve must both work to maintain the garden: â€Å"With first approach of light, we must be risen And at our pleasant labor, to reform Yon flow’ry arbors, yonder alleys green, Our walk at noon, with branches overgrown That mock our scant manuring, and Meadows 2 require More hands than ours to lop their wanton growth† (IV, 624-629). It seems that Milton believes that labor is necessary... Free Essays on Paradise Lost John Milton’s Paradise Lost is a work that attempts, in part, to justify the ways of God to mankind. This is a tremendous undertaking, even for as skilled a craftsman as Milton. In his attempt to achieve his goal, Milton crafts the character of Satan with seemingly great accuracy and skill. His success in breathing life into the character of Satan may be his greatest success in the epic. Part of the reason why Milton’s task is so ominous is that the seemingly indescribable pervades Paradise Lost. Throughout the epic, Milton is faced with the challenge of not only describing, but manipulating concepts and characters such as God, Paradise, and Satan. These concepts are difficult to work with because of their abstract nature. The difficulty arises from the inability of any human being to comprehend them experientially. No one can truly know what good or evil are in their purest forms. No one can describe the perfect place with total accuracy because no one has ever experienced what it is to live in such a place. The finest example of this involves the depiction of Paradise throughout Paradise Lost. In his depiction, Milton uses his own experience and understanding to depict a place of perfection. Can he be accurate, however, without ever experiencing Paradise himself? In truth, he cannot. Each individual reader most likely has their own idea of Paradise. Whether or not these ideas coincide with those of Milton, all of them, including Milton’s, are incomplete. In Milton’s case, one of the striking aspects of Paradise is that Adam and Eve must both work to maintain the garden: â€Å"With first approach of light, we must be risen And at our pleasant labor, to reform Yon flow’ry arbors, yonder alleys green, Our walk at noon, with branches overgrown That mock our scant manuring, and Meadows 2 require More hands than ours to lop their wanton growth† (IV, 624-629). It seems that Milton believes that labor is necessary in Paradis... Free Essays on Paradise Lost In Book’s IV and IX of John Milton’s epic poem Paradise Lost, I found the themes of obedience, ignorance and inequality in various relationships to be prevalent throughout the work. The ideology that obedience is paramount in certain relationships is expressed continuously, both between man and woman and between man and God. Ignorance is also idealized and obedience without reflection, a form of ignorance in my opinion, is touted as appropriate behavior . The inferior aspect of woman in relation to the man of the species is also expressed throughout the work as is the idea that â€Å"Beauty† conversely has incredible power. These views are a reflection of the times Milton lived in. I see a man clearly questioning authority roles, and perhaps questioning his own wisdom in doing so. One reason Milton chose the setting of Paradise for his epic poem was because it was an ideal place to show the dynamics of the relationship between man and his Lord, man and woman and good and evil. Milton uses classical allusions and universal archetypes to express themes of inequality in these relationships. It is also the perfect place to outline the power struggle between Satan and God, here we see a battle here between divine beings, between good and evil incarnate, definitely problems in their relationship. Book IV, clearly shows the opinion that obedience is laudable and â€Å"ignorance is bliss.† The first couple dutifully and unquestionably obey God and as a result of this are happy and in love in the garden of Eden. They are forbidden only the fruit of the tree of knowledge, suggesting that somehow too much wisdom is a bad thing, or that God wishes to keep the pair childlike and himself in a place of power in the relationship. Because after all, death comes with knowledge and or disobedience. I find this is an interesting allusion to the fact that perhaps the powers that be should remain unquestioned and the trouble with the Monarchy du... Free Essays on Paradise Lost In Milton’s Paradise Lost, it is Eve whom is first tempted by Satan. When he offers her the chance for God-like knowledge, the temptation is to great and she eats the forbidden fruit. If it were the other way around, and Adam first tempted, would he have also fallen for the trick? By looking at the ever-going argument of free will, and studying similar writings, it can be discovered that it was not Eve that caused the fall of humanity but the desire for knowledge. Humanity was originally created with free will. It is evident because Eve had the ability to sin. It was her decision to sin or not sin, and she decided to eat the fruit. Adam also had the free will to decide to sin or not. If he had chosen not to eat the fruit, it would have only been Eve who would have been put to death for her sin, and not the both of them. Genesis 1:31 says, â€Å"God saw all that he had made and it was very good.† Adam being part of this creation would have also been considered very good, implying he had the ability to be good. If he had the ability to be good, he must have had the ability to be bad. How could he be good if he did not have the ability to be bad? Thus proving Adam and Eve had free will to sin. Before Eve and Adam eat the forbidden fruit, Genesis 1:27 says, â€Å"God created man in his own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.† Unfortunately, When Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit they no longer possessed free will. They no longer had the choice to sin or not. After the fall, all of humanity was born into sin. This can be seen in Genesis 5:3 which speaks of Adam’s son, â€Å"...and begot a son in his own likeness, after his image...† But what would tempt Adam and Eve to give up this power? What would tempt them to give up this power to decide wrong from right? The desire for knowledge was behind their deceitful act. . In Paradise Lost, Satan tempts Eve with happiness before h... Free Essays on Paradise Lost Paradise Lost: Man vs. Himself Throughout time, John Milton’s Paradise Lost has been studied by many people and comprehended in many different fashions, developing all kinds of new interpretations of the great epic. Milton’s purpose in writing the epic was to explain the biblical story of Adam and Eve. Although the epic is similar to the Bible story in many ways, Milton’s character structure differs from that of the Bible’s version. All through out the epic, Milton describes the characters in the way he believes they are. In Paradise Lost, he tells the story of Satan's banishment from Heaven. He and his army have plotted war against God and are now doomed to the fiery pits of hell. The complex character of Satan has many revolutionary qualities. Milton portrays Satan as a rebel who exhibits certain heroic qualities. It is evident through out the story that Satan’s heroic power comes from his ability to lead and a strong influence to all in his presence. All the main characters in Paradise Lost are concerned with freedom. Those who understand true freedom know that it consists of obeying God's will without question. Those who do not understand it think freedom means being free from someone else's will and following your own. Satan is chief among them. Satan is so offended by God's announcement of the Son's equality with him that he wants to be free of what he calls "tyranny." Satan was one of the highest angels in Heaven and was know as Lucifer, meaning, light bearer. This shows that he once was a good angel. However, it was his pride that pushed him to speak out, â€Å"His pride/ had cast him out from Heaven, with all his host. / Of rebel angels, by whose aspiring/ To set himself in glory above his peers† (Milton Book I). It was because of Satan’s pride that God banned him from heaven. Instead of following in God’s shadow, as all angel do, Satan strived to become an individual. He would have lived a life in P... Free Essays on Paradise Lost Paradise Lost is often referred to as an English Christian Epic. It has the distinguishing marks of an epis – a major central theme. In Paradise Lost, the fall of man is central to the poem. Milton writes of events that occurred before Creation and shortly thereafter. Indeed, the main outlines of the stories of most epics are well known to the audiences for which they are composed; the poet’s over-all contribution is the artistry with which he retells known material and the interpretations he makes of it. His method of retelling the material usually involves a large number of dramatic scenes. An example of such a scene in Paradise Lost is the initial conversation between Satan and Beezelbub when they regain consciousness after having been hurled from Heaven to Hell. The supernatural usually plays a large part in epics, also. In Paradise Lost, the poem opens with Satan and the other fallen angels chained to the burning lake in Hell. After regaining consciousness, they arrange a great plot to determine how they are going to revolt against God. The epic traditionally begins with an announcement of the theme or subject matter either combined with or followed by an invocation to a heavenly power. Milton opens Paradise Lost with an invocation to the heavenly muse and announces his purpose. Milton was so strongly committed to the Puritan cause that he accepted a government [position under Oliver Cromwell. He was a radical Christian individualist who objected strongly and vocally to all kinds of organized religions which, he believed, put barriers between man and God. Milton was therefore a rebel because he identified himself with a revolutionary cause. Paradise Lost is about rebellion and its consequences. Similar to Paradise Lost, Edmund Spenser set out to be the great English poet and wrote a Christian Epic, The Faerie Queen. The purpose was to make one virtuous and educate others on virtue. He begins his Epic with a letter to ...

Contexual Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Contexual Research Paper - Essay Example It can be noted that these excuses are always used many times that teachers no longer accept them as there before. Segal explains that many learners that plan out what to say and makes it a reason to believe in have an extension and excuse to give in assignments at a later date. "Creative students may win extra extensions with a little careful planning and full plot development† (Sega, pp.1). If a learner gives such excuses every time leads to a tendency to cook what to say and expect in case assignments are not done within allocated time. From the article, one can know himself or herself and always that he or she used excuses. I have come to think of where excuses are true and when tutors think they are lies. "A friend of mine in graduate school had a student who claimed that his roommate attacked him with a hammer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in fact was a true story" (Segal, pp.2). If a person hears the reason why students fail to turn in assignments, it sounds funny although it is an actual occurrence. Many people always fall victims of such circumstances where something happens that makes them fail to do their assignments but it looks to be made up according to other persons. Such situations always even turn worse in learning institutions. Teachers are left with no choice but to exercise their punishment on a student whether the reason given was true or false. This article as fixed the way teachers look at students. The teachers have acquired a perception that students always lie in case they do not finish up their assignments. The reality is that students’ reasons for not doing assignments in time may be either false or true. Segal has negatively influenced teachers as they will always have the idea that students always lie when they do not complete assignments in time. This article has also humor in it as it is very sarcastic. The author talks about what she experiences with learners’ excuses and classify them as evils of dorm

Discussion 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 1 - Essay Example The source of the issue is then used as a means to determine the possible solutions. This may include a wide range of techniques like job or task analysis (Castagnolo, 2007). Here the output from this phase generally provides the instructional goals and these are used as a start for the design phase. b) Design: This stage is based of the analysis stage and here this stage involves the development of the plans to reach the instructional goals. This stage involves a number of activities like the selection of delivery systems, learning analysis, population description and also listing out of the objectives. c) Develop: The third phase of the model is the development stage. Here the focus is on development of the instructions and also use of various media and documentation to help develop the plans. This stage involves activities like generation of the lesson plans and also lesson materials. d) Implement: This stage as the name suggests is the actual delivery of the instructions. Several activities can be involved here including different mediums of instructions like classroom learning, lab based or computer based learning. e) Evaluation: Finally the last stage of the model is the evaluation stage. Here this occurs among all the phases and even between phases. This stage can be divided into two main phases. Formative Evaluation and Summative Evaluation. The first form is done during the ongoing and between phases, while the summative evaluation occurs during the finals element of the implementation. The activities that are included here are the decision making processes like whether or not the instructional package should be bought, if it should be continued or discontinued. The most essential stage among the above mentioned stages is the analysis and the evaluation stages. The analysis stage is the most essential as it brings out the overall scope and goals and also brings out the changes needed. Any

Forensic investigator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Forensic investigator - Essay Example The report is composed in response to a request from the investigation unit. 1. James Murray allegedly worked as a team head of numerous drug dealers on small scale level. The culprit had sensitively plotted and worked on the whole scheme of drug dealing. The co-conspirators were corresponded through a laptop hence leading to no physical proofs to the forensic unit. The culprit was first reported by one of his classmates, Walter Thom, declaring that he had heard the culprit conversing about the deal over the cell phone, offering the bureau an opportunity to generate his phone records for the proceedings of this case. 2. After the statement from Thom (witness), Murray (culprit) was put under surveillance. His internet connection and phone records were under continuous observation of the investigation bureau. Surprisingly, for over more than two weeks time, there was no obvious evidence of the culprit being engrossed in any of the drug dealing crime. Neither his phone records showed any suspicious calls or text messages. On further evaluation, it was noticed that during 10 PM until the midnight, for two weeks, no data was received from the culprit although the connection was sustained. The testing concluded that the culprit exploited a high technology hacking system which would facilitate his data to be transmitted to his co-conspirators through a profoundly secured portico. The hacking experts took two days to access his system. And the flow of receiving the data alleviated. After that, there was no reply to this e-mail. The other culprit might have discussed it in person or through some other mean. The e-mail was a significant source of the other two names engaged in this crime. Investigations on Job Rhett, aged 24, with rather a considerable criminal record and Robin White, aged 19, a college student debarred due to disgraceful leisure pursuits and conduct. The email also gave a hint that the culprits used a code word for the drugs: spoon. The ‘car’ was

Walmart-success story in india

Walmart-success story in india Executive Summary The retail sector had driven a major economic boom in various parts of the world. The impact of the booming retail was most visible in Developed and Developing countries of the world. The Asian regions were also witnessing an economic boost backed by the retail sector. By 2005, retailing was worth US $7 trillion. Walmart was the worlds largest retailer when it extricated oil giant Exxon Mobil as the worlds largest company by posting US $219 billion in sales for fiscal 2001. Walmarts success had been the result of its ability to leverage size, market clout, and efficiency. Walmart topped Fortune magazines list of top 500 companies in the world, successively for three years till 2004. In the early 1990s, Walmart announced that it planned to go global. It wanted to look for international markets for many reasons like; the competition from domestic market was becoming stiff. Although Walmart had the scope of expansion in the domestic market, it was becoming difficult to maintain double digit growth as it was suffering from soft sales and rising inventories. During the first five years, Walmart concentrated on Mexico, Canada, Argentina and Brazil which were close to its domestic market geographically. Walmart expanded its international operations through acquisitions, joint ventures, Greenfield operations and wholly owned subsidiaries. The liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991 had opened up the market for consumer goods. Soon, new retailing formats emerged to complement the traditional Kirana (mom and pop) stores. Rising incomes coupled with infrastructure improvements were increasing consumer markets and accelerated consumer tastes and preferences. Economic Researches has highlighted that half of the Indian population as low income group in the year of 1994-95. By 2006 -07 it was estimated that less than 20% of the overall Indian population will be below the low income group Internet revolution has helped the consumers in India to know more about multinational or international products and services. It is estimated that by 2015 more than half of the India population will be between the age group of 20-25. All this estimates makes India as one of the most attractive place to invest in retails sector. After years of controversy and opposition from local retailers and political parties Walmart was successful in opening business in India. Their success is keenly watched and observed by retail giants to make the move in India, which is a highly potential market for retail. The purpose of this study is to understand the barriers of entries that are faced by a multinational giant like Walmart and how this company overcomes such barriers to establish their first wholesale shop in India. The business entry by Walmart will be the first reference for any other multinationals who are trying to penetrate into Indian market. Introduction In the year 2009, Walmart opened its first outlet in Amritsar. As a first step, Walmart is involved in selling of vegetable to vendors, hospitals, restaurants and other companies. Over the next 2 years the company has planned to open 10 more big outlets in the potential Cities of India. One of the interesting facts to notice is that the Walmart outlet doesnt carry the traditional â€Å"Walmart† logo. Instead it is known as â€Å"Best Price†. This strategy is purely to avoid political protest against multinational retailers entering into market. Main focus of the study is to understand the barriers of entry that are faced by the Multinational retailers while inflowing into Indian retail market. How the political and legal conditions in India favor such an entry and also how the sentiments and social behavior of the people are influenced are the key part of the study This Bharti-Walmart joint venture would enhance the ongoing retail industry revolution and also will elevate Indian shoppers experience. Thats not all, how the small Kirana stores will oppose such kind of threat or competition is worth observing. There could either be more resistance from local traders or could this be the end of local traders existence and beginning of franchised local shops. Not clear at this moment. India a land of Opportunity Traditionally, the whole fragmented retail industry consisted of 15 million entities which were considered as the largest in the world. There were various attempts made to scale up the size of the industry. The models which were successful in west were adopted. Majority of the players found it difficult to size up except because of the huge investment in infrastructure. Key domestic major players like Pantaloon Retail (India) and the Food World Supermarkets Limited were successful in adapting the scale up process. By 2006, Not only considering India having the largest population of ‘under 25 years in the world and a 400-million middle and upper middle classes, India became one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Its gross domestic product (GDP) reached 8.1 per cent in 2005-06. The retails sector will be the next big thing in India as predicted by analyst .The firms Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index (FDICI) indicated that India and China are the worlds most favored destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI). Increase in shopping malls reflected the boom in retail industry, leading to a new kind of shopping called â€Å"Shoppertainment† (A blend of shopping and entertainment). Evolution of Indian retail Walmarts Dilemma- Challenges For retailing industry its a long way to travel. India has all the right compositions for retail growth; it had been treated as a protected industry. The government did not allow FDI in retail sector, the Protectionism nature of Indian government is very visible through the control of FDI. In case of companies who dealt in single brand, the government in February 2006 allowed 51% of equity partnership through a joint venture with a domestic player. Various controls that are imposed by government have reserved the rights of well organized multinational retailers. Infrastructure has been one of the key concerns and also various levels of taxation by the government have created barriers of entry for the retail industry. Government of India is trying their best to remove such kind of obstacles, but some of the key issues still remain open. Experts opined that the developed and developing countries experiences had proved that performance of organized retail was strongly linked to the performance of the economy as a whole. This was mainly on account of the reach and penetration of this business and its scientific approach in dealing with customers and their needs. The RD division of Walmart had good Global commerce knowledge about different markets. This could be one of the reason why Walmart one of the largest retailer opted India, which is the second largest populous country and the fourth largest retail market in the world. Legal and political Challenges Despite India being an attractive market, the predicament Walmart faced was Indias complex Foreign Direct Investment regulations which is currently the biggest obstacle for global retailers from inflowing into the Indian market. Many international retailers had set up their shops in India either through franchising deals with local partners or joint-venture partnerships with Indian companies. Experts had opined that Walmart would attempt to bypass the rules on FDI by opening a cash-and-carry outlet either in Bangalore or Haryana state as foreign-owned such stores are permitted in India. In August 2005, Walmart had requested permission from the Indian government to open two experimental stores in Kolkata. Under the proposals, Walmart would buy locally produced food and general merchandise and transport it for sale in its outlets. But Walmart was not allowed to go ahead as the Indian government did not open the retail sector. Certain political parties in India believe that entry of Walmart would destroy rather than create employment.† This was against what Walmart has projected. They believe that FDI in Indian retail sector would lead to job losses as big retailers like Walmart, backed by huge finances, would pursue a predatory strategy and eliminate their immediate competition, eventually increasing unemployment. Another reason of opposition against Walmart includes the abandonment of trade unions by the giant retailer. It is opined that Walmarts business strategy entails a â€Å"trade union free company† and dismissing employees who try to form trade unions. Besides, cutting costs to offer products to consumers with lowest prices is believed to be a part of strategy. However, Walmart is alleged of pursuing cost cuts in the form of employee wages and therefore is estimated to harm the interests of the workers. By referring to the above points, it is not sure whether Walmart has studied properly the Political and Legal Environment aspects of India. Its been quite obvious that the government policy and political parties are not in favor of multinational retail giants entering to India. To avoid such kind of protest and consequence the company should have taken a more â€Å"friendly† approach towards entry into Indian market. May be by projecting more social and economical benefit to the country by way of supply chain retailing would have made the entry much more peaceful. On the other side, it was a good publicity for the people of India to know about Walmart giant and their entry into India. Religious and Language Barriers Even though the Walmart hasnt had an impact on the religious sentiments of India compared to the food service corporations of the world Like McDonalds. For Example; before setting up the first restaurant in India McDonalds has spend eight years in studying Indian culture and adaptation strategies. The theory of Degree of Adaptation has been taken care of by Walmart RD Division. India being a multi religious country religious sentiment should be kept in mind while designing and promoting the Company. We had enough and more studies related to religious sentiments and barriers in India and the same has been very well utilized to make sure such barriers of entry are mitigated. After starting the Operation in India Bharti and Walmart venture, so far has not faced any religious barrier in their operation, which means it should not be taken lightly or ignored because hurting religious sentiments can completely dismantle the operations of the company. There was no Language barrier faced by Wal-Mart, but the interesting fact to note is that, the entry of the Multinational giant is opposed by people of different language and religion. It was a mix of culture and emotion that fought against the entry of Walmart to India. If we separate language and Religion out of this mixture then there is hardly any significance about their resistance. It looks like Walmart has taken care of Ethical and Social Responsibility in a much more serious way, due to which I believe there was no stand alone fight from a religious or linguistic section of the society. Recommendations and Conclusions Despite India being an attractive market, the dilemma faced is Indias complex FDI and retail regulations which is currently stopping international retail companies from directly entering the Indian market. Many international retailers had set up their operations in India through franchising deals with local partners or entered in as a joint-venture partnerships with Indian companies Walmart sourcing strategies encompass building direct relationship with farmers and manufacturers and encouraging them to develop products of international standards, plan production schedules and predict their demands with the help of high-end technology that would be provided by Wal-Mart. Whether the Bharti-Walmart venture would be successful in India and whether Walmart would be able to bring a second revolution of retail in India remain to be seen. Walmart India President and Bharti Walmart managing director CEO Raj Jain say â€Å"it is still early days to discuss performance†. But a clear strategy of the company has started emerging; and Walmart is ready to take the early advantage of the market segment related to prices, supply chain, real estate and human resource.

Much Ado About Nothing By Shakespeare Essay -- Papers

Much Ado About Nothing By Shakespeare Shakespeare’s attitude toward courtship and romance combines mature suspicion with an awareness that the social realities surrounding courtship may detract from the fun of romance. The need to marry for social superiority and to ensure inheritance, complicates romantic relationships. Although this play is a comedy ending in multiple marriages and is full of witty dialogue making for many comic moments, it also addresses more serious events, including some that border on tragedy. The personalities of Beatrice and Hero vary greatly, leading them in opposite directions with their relationships, with Beatrice headed towards a good relationship and Hero towards a bad one. The conditions under which Beatrice's and Hero's marriages occur are the effect of their personal beliefs, which relate to their personalities. Beatrice's view on the circumstances under which marriage should occur revolve around the fact that true love must be present. This is shown when Beatrice says, â€Å"With a good leg and a good foot, uncle, and money enough in his purse, such a man would win any woman in the world, if I could get her good will.† (2.1.14-17) Here, she is saying that a man can possess all these qualities, but he can only have a woman is he can get her to love him. Beatrice believes in the principle of true love because she wants her husband to be faithful to her. This is obvious during a conversation between her and her father Antonio: Antonio: In faith, she's too curst. Beatrice: Too curst is more than curst: I shall lessen God's sending that way, for it is said, "God sends a curst cow short horns"; but... ..., leading them in opposite directions with their relationships, with Beatrice headed towards a good relationship and Hero towards a bad one. The circumstances under which their marriages occur, their statuses in their relationships, and the ways their relationships started all play a significant role in the probable outcomes of their relationships. Beatrice's belief in marriage only under the principle of true love, her authoritative status in the relationship, and the plot in which she discovers her true feelings for Benedick all work together to help her have a better relationship. Hero's contrasting beliefs of getting married only in order to uphold family honor, her secondary status in the relationship and her arranged relationship with Claudio lead her in the opposite direction than Beatrice with her relationship.

Communication Process Paper Essay

Communication process is a very important aspect with the help of which people send messages verbal including sentences, words, and messages nonverbal including physical setting, facial expression, and behavior. Communication patterns have changed because of changing nature of interaction between people. Communication allows business to coordinate and unify common goals. An open communication policy in business where the employees may come to the supervisors and voice his or her likes as well as dislikes. The business will have a workable environment for everyone. As the message passes through this medium, there is noise and which changes the message into something different from what was sent. These are otherwise known as the barriers to effective communication. Noise can be static or anything that distracts from the intended massage. Example, if there a meeting going on in the workplace and two employees are talking in the background. An individual will become distracted of what th e meeting is about. Communication process Paper The climates in most workplace are cool if it is an inside job. So individual may be comfortable communicating with one and another. Some people believe the environment tan make a difference with the way an individual communicate. Communication is vital in the workplace and it the primary means to convey the proper message. Most jobs have shift work and needs to communicate from one shift to another. This may be done by verbal or written in paper. A business climate most likely creates within levels of management and spreads from there. The strength and weakness of any organization are only good or bad as the individuals who work there. If there an open policy where employees can communication with his or her supervisors as they please. This procedure will make the workplace environment workable for everyone. Every employee in the workplace should voice his or her opinion toward the supervisor without been afraid of the outcome. Everyone has some weaknesses and strengths in communication as a result of psychological and personal peculiarities, and every day communication patterns. Verbal written communication is my strength. My weakness is nonverbal communication because in some situations I am not sure what behavior patterns I should follow, for instance, speaking with strangers, or the police. Sometimes I believe cultural or social barriers communicating with others, I have strong verbal communication skills because I spend much time communicating with my friends on the Internet. This way I can communicate with several people at the same time, and save time on phone calls or visiting them. This form of communication is very popular because it transmits information to the individuals and receives reply rapidly. I have good written skills and can clearly express opinion in several sentences. This strength is logical, concise, and informative messages, which help the recipient to grasp the idea at once. Good written skills used in the criminal justice system and other business. Years ago the senior management committee of some business, there strategies for doing everything from changing policies to dealing with employees discussed behind closed doors. Once those decisions made by management, the supervisors were asked to put those decisions into effect. The employees had little to no input on those matters. The employees did as they were told or had to find a new job. Today some management team members listen to what the employees have to say before making a decision on changing the policies. Most business in the present encourages employees to take an active part in their company. The employees who work on production line may know some ways to improve the lines. Some manager may pass out certain type of rewards for his or her ideals. Communication process with employees can be a difficult task. It may take knowing what an individual have to say to communicate in a way to receive desired result. Communications to employees come from several areas within the organization, the director, human resources, the program manager, and other management team. Every employee need to know what is happening within the company. The company will not achieve if the employees are not contribute what expected of him or her. That why a well-organized internal communication strategy required to create the ideal mindset within the company. Reference Communicating Effectively with Employees Retrieved on July 12, 2011 from http://www. learningspaces.njit.edu/Elliot/content/communicating-effectively employee

Relationship of drugs to music essays

Relationship of drugs to music essays Relationship of Drugs And music Musicians use their music to express thoughts and feelings they have. These thoughts and feelings they have are reached by their fans and most fans usually listen to what they have to say. A common thing that many artist do is to promote the use of drugs. A lot of times artist will share with the fans about a weird trip they went through or about how they love a certain type of drug. A lot of times artists will use a type of wording that can be interperted into many meanings. One Song that comes to mind that does this is The song Tambourine Man by Bob Dylan. Dylan uses this certain lingo that people have found to be translated into a totally different meaning about getting Drugs from a dealer. Another popular song that people think has a different meaning is the song Hey Jude by the Beatles. People believe that it is about putting a needle into your arm and injecting some type of hallucinogenic drug. The song Tripping Billies by The Dave Matthews band Is about An amusing Acid trip that Dave went through. In it he says We were above, You were standing underneath us, We were not yet lovers, Dragons were smoked, Bumblebees were stinging us, I was soon to be crazy.- Dave Matthews Band. Another artist that clearly used the promotion of drugs was Eric Clapton in his song Cocaine. In it he states about all the good things that cocaine has to offer. If you wanna hang out, you've gotta take her out: Cocaine. If you wanna get down, down on the ground: Cocaine. She dont lie, she dont lie, she dont lie, Cocaine. If you got bad news, you wanna kick them blues: Cocaine. When your day is done, and you wanna run; Cocaine. She dont lie, She dont lie, She dont lie: Cocaine. If your day is gone, and you wanna ride on: Cocaine. Don't forget this fact, you can't get it back: Cocaine. She don...

Buying Yourself Time

Buying Yourself Time Entrepreneurial guru Seth Godin recently spoke about speaking. He believes for a five-minute presentation you give a four-minute talk and take your time. You dont want to rush, and you dont want to appear less professional The concept works for every other aspect of writing as well. Submission deadlines Submit early rather than late or exactly on time. Being late is inexcusable, and being on time can give the impression you rushed to the end. Word count Submit under the word limit rather than over. The latter appears as if you do not respect the publications rules. Newsletters / Blog posts Better to be shorter than longer. If in doubt, cut back. Readers appreciate it. First drafts Give yourself less time to write, just as long as its daily. To press too hard or to give yourself a time span that you cannot honor day after day is to invite disenchantment with the job. Query letters Brevity is your friend. It appears you have more command of the language and craft, and itll make you concentrate your words and your message. We all have the same amount of time to perform while on this planet; however, you must coordinate that performance. Time management is critical, even as a creative. Buy yourself time and you will not only look good to fellow professionals, but youll feel better about yourself in your accomplishments.

The Effects of Microburst on Small Aircraft Research Paper

The Effects of Microburst on Small Aircraft - Research Paper Example In extreme dry conditions when moist convection is just barely possible, cumulus clouds with very high bases form above the surface; below this high-based cloud layer there is a deep, dry adiabatic layer of microburst. In extreme wet conditions a deep, nearly saturated layer with a nearly moist pseudoadiabatic lapse rate forms that is topped by an elevated dry layer which is a cause of microburst. In case of dry microburst the rain falls below the cloud base mixes with dry air from where it begins to evaporate and this evaporation process cools the air. The cool air descends and accelerates as it approaches the ground from where it spreads in all directions and the divergence of wind is the sign of a microburst. The wet microburst is accompanied by heavy rainfall at the surface which are warmer then the environment. This downburst pushes the downward acceleration of parcels that cause negative buoyancy which tends to drive dry microburst. Wind shear is the difference in wind speed and direction over a short distance in the atmosphere. The extent and suddenness of a microburst accompanied with low-level wind shears are a cause of many fatal aircraft crashes; particularly they affect in landing and take-off phases. The microburst is recorded to last no more then 15 minutes from the time they strike on the ground. During the first 5 minutes the horizontal wind continues to rise with maximum intensity lasting 2-4 minutes Sometimes microburst are concentrated into a line structure, and under these conditions, activity may continue for as long as an hour. Once microburst activity starts, multiple microbursts in the same general area are not uncommon and should be expected. Hazards to flight The strong, concentrated winds along with rainfall and thunderstorms have caused fatal aircraft accidents. (Downbursts, Fujita, 1985). As the aircraft enters in the way of microburst, it encounters an increased head wind. This head wind lifts the aircraft, the pilots reacts to correct the aircraft approach angle by reducing engine power. The aircraft then passes into the vertically descending microburst core which results in a loss of lift and altitude. Immediately the aircraft crosses into a region of tail winds (the wind which blows in the direction of the object), which reduces the relative airspeed of the aircraft and further decreases lift, causing the aircraft to lose more altitude. Because the aircraft is now flying on reduced power, it is vulnerable to sudden losses of airspeed and altitude. The microburst is often of right scale and intensity to crash an aircraft which is evident by a number of accidents associated with microburst over about a decade. The crew and passengers all become victims to the crash and give their lives. There are a large number of human losses especially if microburst attacks at the time of take-off and landing. Predicting Microburst Microburst has always been a challenge for safety issues regarding the aircraft and small business jets. Its prediction, detection and avoidance are an issue of big concern for aviation authority. The pilots are unable to maintain the balance of strong winds and historically this has plagued the entire civil aircraft types including large commercial transports, regional airliners, business jets, and small personal-owner general

Strategies of communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategies of communication - Essay Example The aforementioned points are important in all communicating situations whether one is transmitting persuasive, positive or negative messages. However, it must be noted that communication can be misinterpreted even if there is nothing wrong with the message due to a number of reasons. The research shows that implicit personality, logical error, the halo effect, stereotyping, differences in perception, incorrect filtering, language problems, poor listening, differing emotional states, differing backgrounds, information overload, message complexity, lack of trust, differing status, and closed communication climate can influence the process of decoding. I have been working, most of the time, in Marketing and Sales departments in different companies after completing my education. Marketing and Sales are generally considered a key department for all organizations as it generates revenues for the organization, which is vital for the survival of the organizations. Working in this department means that a person should have high communication and analytic skills because not only he holds meetings with external clients but also spends considerable time in holding meetings with various departments of the company. Almost six months ago, I changed my company and joined the current firm as General Manager where I have a team of 30 people. The climate of the organization was antagonistic and morale of the employees of the department was not very high when I joined the company.

Pacific Norh West History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pacific Norh West History - Essay Example After the USA purchased Louisiana they were interested in expanding to the West Coast, but as there was uncertainty about what exactly they would be buying, President Thomas Jefferson decided to fund and expedition. The president had first heard about plans of an expedition to explore the Pacific North West whilst he was in France, but he had not believed it possible and because of bad weather, the expedition was called off. Captain Meriwether Lewis was chosen to lead the expedition and he in turn chose William Clark as his partner. The purpose of the expedition was to study the Indian tribes, botany, geology and the types of wildlife that existed in the Western Region as well as see what kind of interference the Canadian, French and British hunters, who were already established in the area, would hold for them. The Lewis and Clark expedition left from Pittsburg with eleven men; seven of which were soldiers and one a pilot. All of the men had volunteered to go with Lewis and Clark on their expedition and so they set out to the Pacific Ocean. On May 14, 1804 the Lewis and Clark expedition set off up to the Missouri River and on July 4, 1804 Lewis and Clark named a river located near the city of Atchinson Independence Creek and this day is now known in America as Independence day. It was on October 24, 1804 that the Lewis and Clark expedition reached its first goal where they spent the winter at the Mandan-Hidatsa villages which is now known as North Dakota. American Indian Villages were located at this location and on the Northern Plains they were the main trading centers. The Indian tribes allowed for the explorers to build a small fort, which they named Fort Mandan and they lived there for five months through a terribly cold winter. This allowed for Lewis and Clark to explore the area and learn about the wildlife and geography form their

Currency Derivatives Essay Example for Free

Currency Derivatives Essay Preference of equity and commodity over Currency derivatives trading in India survey Kindly spare some minutes to fill this form and be a part of real customer perception survey and support us to gain an insight about the preferences of Indian retail investors for trading in market and the reasons behind the existing popularity of currency derivative market in India. 1. Did you ever think of currency derivative market as trading option? Yes, I trade in currency market No, but planning to invest after performing research? Never, what is Currency Derivatives? 2. In which market do you trade? (Choose all that apply, skip if you do not trade) Equity Commodity Currency Derivatives 3. Rate your expertise in the market: (Choose one level for each) Zero Commodity Currency derivatives Equity Beginner Intermediate Expert 4. Given Rs. 1000, how would you allocate the money among these investment options? (Allocation should add up to Rs. 100). Hedger Commodity Currency derivatives Equity Speculator Arbitrager 6. Choose and rate from 1 to 3 among the following attributes for each market. (Fill for only those market in which you trade) Returns Market volatility Portfolio diversification Hedging Arbitrage Commodity Currency derivatives Equity 7. Why do you think Indian retails investors have less preference towards currency derivatives market? Strongly agree Not enough self knowledge Less popular among peers Lack of govt. initiatives Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree.

Lolita :: essays research papers

Lolita is one of the most unconventional literary classics of the century. Lolita is a twelve-year-old girl, who is desired by the European intellectual Humbert Humbert. As the narrator of the story, Humbert chronicles his abnormal childhood, adolescent experiences, and an adventure in a booming American as a European tourist and pedophile. But it is key to realize his first heartbreak as a boy manifests into his desires for nymphets. This point is made clear in both the novel and movie. I will show that the movie Lolita, is a solid rendition of the novel of the same name. Now some critics might see the novel as something more than I took it, like a contrast between the modernistic character of Humbert Humbert against the post-modern Americans that he encounters. Forget all that, I honestly thought the movie to be a convincing love story. On the surface level it was about an obsessive man and his love for nymphets, who met Lolita, the object of his desires. There were differences between the movie and the novel, yet I felt some scenes were left out of the movie that did not hurt the story at all. Also, some scenes were added which actually strengthened the story line in the movie. I bet professional critics say the new version of Lolita did not measure up, well I loved it. Dominique Swain was awesome (a little hottie as well) and she perfectly played the character of Lolita. She may have even been more manipulative in the film version. An example of this was when Lolita was toying with Humbert as she rubbed her foot all over him in order to get a raise in her allowance and be able to be part of the play. You could not be much more sexual, manipulative girl than Lolita was! On minor change was that Lolita was twelve in the novel and fourteen in the movie. This was simply done to make the relationship a bit more accepting in the viewer’s eyes. I don’t believe it harshly affected the story at all. In both works, Lolita was just a manipulative girl who had no idea what life was about. She was almost sucked into the porn business by a pathetic man who she worshipped as a Hollywood star. Plus, she handled Humbert perfectly in setting her escape to live with Quilty. Humbert was also played brilliantly, yet I felt there was more longing in the novel Humbert, though we were still able to see his burning desire for nymphets and Lolita in general.

Freedom of Speech -- Informative Essay

Our forefathers worked to ensure we could enjoy civil liberties that they were unable to under British rule. In the First Amendments one of the liberties detailed is freedom of speech, specifically in that Congress will not enact a law that is â€Å"abridging the freedom of speech.† In 1925 the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment applies to each state ensuring that the constitutional right to free speech is protected from interference by the government. Freedom of speech can only be upheld so long as the content of which does not violate the law. In 2002 a high school senior, Joseph Frederick, revealed a banner for the Olympic Torch Relay while it was in town on it's journey to the winter games. The banner read â€Å"Bong Hits 4 Jesus† and immediately attracted the attention of his principal, Deborah Morse. The banner was located off school grounds on a public sidewalk for the event, which was privately sponsored. Morse crumpled the banner up and immediately suspended Frederick for ten days. Frederick filed suit against the school board and Morse for violating his First Amendment rights. The court looked at the legal standards by which public school students are held responsible for as far as speech is concerned. Julie Hilden described the three Supreme Court cases that set the standards and their relevance to this event. â€Å"One of the cases...doesn't apply because neither Frederick's banner (nor the rally itself) was school-sponsored† (Hilden 676). Hilden dismisses the second case as it deals with the use o f vulgar and obscene language, neither of which was present on the banner. The third point states that speech can only be regulated or punished if â€Å"materially disrupts classwork or involves substantial disorder or invasio... ...YNE - WE BE STEADY MOBBIN'' LYRICS."  Lyrics. Web. 06 July 2011. . McCollum v. Board of Education. 203 333 212. 1948. Print. Sante Fe Independent School District v. Doe. 290 530. 2000. Print. "We Are Young Money."  Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 July 2011. . Wells, Tom. "Brit Ban for Hate Preachers | The Sun |News."  The Sun | The Best for News, Sport, Showbiz, Celebrities | The Sun| The Sun. News Group Newspapers Limited, 18 Feb. 2009. Web. 07 July 2011. . Westboro Baptist Church Home Page. Web. 07 July 2011. . "Westboro Baptist Church."  Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 07 July 2011. .

Oral Feeding Readiness Preterm Infants Health And Social Care Essay

What is meant by â€Å" unwritten eating preparedness in preterm babies? † This peculiar construct is frequently elusive, contextual, subjective and really complex when used with the preterm population of babies. It has besides been a subject of involvement for many old ages within the scene of the neonatal intensive attention unit ( NICU ) . The ability of a preterm baby to entirely unwritten provender is non merely a mark of competent unwritten eating accomplishments but is a necessary criterion for discharge preparedness from the NICU ( McGrath & A ; Braescu, 2004 ) . For nurses in the NICU the ability to orally feed a preterm baby is a many-sided undertaking necessitating successful attainment of a battalion of accomplishments: the proficiently to measure preterm baby eating accomplishments, clinical proficiency at preterm baby eating and proficiency in finding unwritten eating preparedness. On the other manus, the ability to orally feed is a complex undertaking for the preterm baby in the NICU every bit good. Questions often arise in the clinical sphere related to unwritten feeding preparedness of the preterm baby including those of physiologic adulthood, motor and province stableness, and the baby ‘s capableness of interactions with the environment and health professionals. All of these factors contribute to the underlying conceptual inquiry: should oral eatings be attempted? In embarking to reply this inquiry, a figure of instruments have been developed over the old ages to mensurate unwritten feeding preparedness of preterm babies in the NICU scene. Most of these instruments refer to the conceptual facet of unwritten feeding preparedness without specific usage of any theory as a footing for formal instrumentality. However, each of these tools was designed to help in supplying a clearer apprehension of the indispensable elements of unwritten feeding preparedness in the preterm baby as they apply to daily eating patterns. By integrating unwritten eating preparedness into NICU nursing pattern, intercessions that are grounds based can back up day-to-day nursing intercessions and will finally ensue in results that support infant good being and preparedness for discharge to place. Description of Instruments The unwritten eating preparedness tools being described were identified by seeking the PubMed, Ovid Medline and CINHAL databases for articles written in English and published between 1980 and 2011. The keywords used for the hunt were unwritten eating, preparedness, preterm, preterm eating measuring, feeding assessment tool and feeding instrument. The footings were used separately and in combinations. Electronic hunts produced three eating tools for preterm newborns related to bottle eating as the primary method of unwritten eating: the Early Feeding Skills Assessment ( EFS ) ( Thoyre, Shaker & A ; Pridham, 2005 ) , the Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale ( NOMAS ) ( Braun & A ; Palmer, 1986 ) , and the Oral Feeding Skills in Preterm Infants ( OFS ) ( Lau & A ; Smith, 2011 ) .The Early Feeding Skills Assessment for Preterm InfantsTheoretical Underpinnings The Early Feeding Skills Assessment ( EFS ) for preterm babies is a checklist for profiling a preterm baby ‘s developmental phase sing specific feeding accomplishments. It has been described as an â€Å" evidence-referenced tool † ( Sheppard & A ; Fletcher, 2007, p. 206 ) for detecting unwritten eatings by chest or bottle. Items on the checklist refer to theoretical facets of unwritten feeding preparedness: unwritten eating preparedness, ability to stay occupied in feeding, ability to organize swallowing and external respiration, ability to form unwritten motor operation, ability to keep physiologic stableness and unwritten eating recovery ( Sheppard & A ; Fletcher, 2007 ) . There is no published information sing a connexion between a peculiar theory and the beginning or design of the EFS. Instrument Data Collection The EFS is a thirty-six point experimental measuring tool that can be used from the â€Å" induction of unwritten feeding through ripening of unwritten eating accomplishment † ( Thoyre et al. , 2005, p. 8 ) . It is divided into three subdivisions: unwritten eating preparedness, unwritten eating accomplishment, and unwritten eating recovery. The EFS is scored based on observation of an full eating with each point holding scaled picks of yes-no, never-occasionally-often, or all-most-some-none. The first subdivision is the unwritten eating preparedness subdivision. This subdivision consists of five points and assesses whether the baby has province and motor control to back up orally feeding. If all replies to the five points are yes, the baby is fed orally. If the replies are non all yes, intercessions to fix for unwritten eating can be recommended and accordingly provided. The following subdivision is the unwritten eating accomplishment subdivision. This subdivision assesses four countries felt to be critical for successful eating: the ability to stay occupied during feeding ( three points ) , the ability to form oral-motor operation ( seven points ) , the ability to organize suck-swallow-breathing ( six points ) , and the ability to keep physiologic stableness ( 11 points ) . The unwritten eating recovery subdivision is three points that are completed five proceedingss after the eating session has ended and evaluates the impact of the eating on the baby ‘s province, motor and physiologic control. The EFS besides provides an country at the terminal of the signifier for feeding forms ( e.g. , type mammilla, length and volume of feeding ) and caregiver feeding schemes ( e.g. , chin support, cheek support ) . The method of hiting is non available in any of the published articles depicting the tool, nevertheless a preparation class for usage of the EFS is offered nationally by the instrument developers. Dependability and Validity Thoyre et Al. ( 2005 ) study that content cogency of the EFS â€Å" has been established with adept neonatal nurses and unwritten eating research workers † ( p. 8 ) and that â€Å" intra- and interrater dependability have been found to be stable and acceptable † ( p. 8 ) . The instrument ‘s developers besides report that prognostic, coincident and concept cogency are presently being tested. To day of the month, no informations sing any of these facets of the EFS has been published. Related Surveies Although this instrument has been available for usage since 2005, no surveies using or measuring the unity of this instrument were located in an electronic hunt of PubMed, Ovid Medline and CINHAL databases.Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment ScaleTheoretical Underpinnings The NOMAS was designed to place and quantify neonatal non-nutritive and alimentary oral-motor sucking forms by professionals that are specifically trained to utilize this instrument as a method of quantifying an baby ‘s oral-motor accomplishments. The theoretical underpinnings are those related to infant sucking accomplishments: most feeding troubles in preterm babies are caused by immature or unequal suck-swallow-breathe coordination and direct appraisal of suction and sup can be described by agencies of assorted non-invasive, experimental steps of physiologic parametric quantities. These theoretical underpinnings are the footing for the undermentioned three premises sing instrument result measurings of the NOMAS: ( 1 ) normal suction forms are displayed by babies who display coordinated suction, sup and breathe mechanisms during alimentary and non-nutritive suction, ( 2 ) a disorganised suction form may be displayed in the presence of an baby ‘s inability to organize su ction, sup and breathe mechanisms, and ( 3 ) a dysfunctional suction form may be displayed by baby ‘s exhibiting unnatural jaw and lingua motions, as is the instance with babies diagnosed with neurologic upsets ( Costa & A ; Schans, 2007 ) . Instrument Data Collection The current NOMAS instrument consists of a 28 point checklist placing features of jaw motion and features of lingua motion which organizes a newborn ‘s oral-motor forms during alimentary sucking into one of three classs: normal, disorganized or dysfunctional. The baby ‘s suction accomplishment is assessed by a trained NOMAS perceiver for two proceedingss during non-nutritive sucking anterior to feeding and during the first five proceedingss of regular eating. The trained NOMAS perceiver does non touch the baby, but simply observes the figure of sucking motions during one sucking explosion and the continuance of intermissions between turns of sucking. Jaw and lingua motions are besides analyzed as a constituent of the checklist. Observed oral-motor forms are marked on the listed behaviours and babies are classified into normal, disorganized or dysfunctional harmonizing to the behaviours that are marked. The hiting method has been revised several times since it was foremost reported by Braun & A ; Palmer in 1985 and badness evaluations for the disorganised and dysfunctional classs were included in the revised version, nevertheless, no numerical marking method is used to day of the month ( Howe, Lin, Fu, Su & A ; Hsieh, 2008 ) . Dependability and Validity In several dependability surveies, inter-rater dependability utilizing Cronbach ‘s i was found to be 0.93-0.97 ( Case-Smith et al. , 1988 & A ; Palmer et al. , 1993 ) . Test-retest dependability was determined by Case-Smith ( 1988 ) to be 0.67 – 0.82 when used in a survey of 26 babies with feeding jobs. Construct and prognostic cogency has been supported by multiple surveies for all classs of the NOMAS ( Braun & A ; Palmer, 1985 ; Case-Smith et al. , 1989 ; Howe et al. , 2007, & A ; Palmer & A ; Heyman, 1999 ) . Related Surveies There are several documented surveies that utilize the NOMAS instrument. The three that will be described here are current surveies that have been published within the past five old ages and are relevant to the usage of NOMAS with the preterm population of babies. In the 2007 survey by Howe, Sheu, Hinojosa, Lin & A ; Holzman, the NOMAS was used to mensurate unwritten motor accomplishments in order to find factors related to bottle-feeding public presentation in preterm babies. A sum of 116 preterm babies were included in the survey and research workers found that babies who need more unwritten support during eatings and those who have disorganized oral-motor accomplishments tend to take lower volumes of eatings orally. In contrast, babies with more feeding experiences are able to take higher unwritten volumes. These findings are of import in the designation of feeding experience and feeding techniques as being built-in constituents of a preterm baby ‘s unwritten eating public presentation. In Howe, Sheu, Hsieh & A ; Hseih ‘s 2007 survey sing the psychometric features of the NOMAS in healthy preterm babies, the writers examined the dependability, cogency and reactivity of the NOMAS in healthy preterm babies as the intents of the survey. The survey consisted of 147 medically stable preterm babies. Feeding public presentations were assessed and documented by an occupational healer trained in the disposal of the NOMAS. The writers concluded that the NOMAS demonstrated acceptable degrees of cogency and reactivity in preterm babies from 32 to 35 hebdomads postmenstrual age ( PMA ) but hapless cogency for babies 36 hebdomads PMA in the normal and disorganised classs. The writers suggested farther proof research in response to the findings of this survey. In Bingham, Ashikaga & A ; Abbasi ‘s survey ( 2010 ) using the NOMAS, 51 preterm babies were evaluated for correlativity of non-nutritive sucking accomplishments with subsequent feeding public presentation. The NOMAS marking was performed by NOMAS-certified healers and NICU nurses within 72 hours of successful induction of unwritten eatings. Findingss were implicative that NOMAS hiting at the induction of unwritten eatings was non significantly associated with the accomplishment of feeding milepost results being measured in the survey including clip from induction of unwritten eatings to clip of sole unwritten eatings.Oral Feeding Skills in Preterm BabiesTheoretical Underpinnings The developers of the OFS tool identify two basic theoretical underpinnings of unwritten eating that health professionals are faced with when turn toing the determination of unwritten feeding preparedness: the ability of the baby to finish the eating safely and the appropriate rate of promotion to sole unwritten eating. They propose that the OFS tool offers an nonsubjective index of an baby ‘s ability to orally feed by combing proficiency of unwritten feeding with minimum weariness and rate of milk transportation as a contemplation of feeding accomplishment ( Lau & A ; Smith, 2011, p. 64 ) . They do non depict a peculiar theory in connexion to the beginning or design of the OFS tool. Instrument Data Collection Data aggregation for the OFS is comparatively simple and no specialised preparation is needed. Caregivers document the prescribed volume of a eating in millilitres, the volume of feeding taken orally at 5 proceedingss into the eating, the full unwritten volume that is taken and the clip in proceedingss that it takes an baby to orally feed in that peculiar eating session. Proficiency ( PRO ) is calculated as the per centum entire volume taken in the first 5 proceedingss divided by the entire prescribed volume. The rate of milk transportation ( RT ) is calculated as the volume in millilitres ( milliliter ) that is taken orally divided by the figure of proceedingss to take this volume. PRO is so used to index existent eating ability when weariness is minimum ( within the first five proceedingss of unwritten eating ) and RT is used as an index of endurance ( being affected by weariness ) . The OFS tool is divided into four degrees runing from degree one to level four. Level one is low pr oficiency and low endurance, degree two is low proficiency and high endurance, degree three is high proficiency and low endurance and degree four is high proficiency and high endurance. A PRO greater than 30 per centum is defined as high proficiency while a PRO less than 30 per centum is defined as low proficiency. An RT greater than one and a half milliliter per minute is defined as a high endurance while an RT less than one and a half milliliter per minute is defined as low endurance. Potential intercessions are recommended for unwritten eating therapy at each accomplishment degree with the end of heightening existent eating accomplishment. Dependability and Validity To day of the month, no information sing dependability or cogency of the OFS has been published. The 2011 survey by the developers did show that OFS degrees had a important positive correlativity with an baby ‘s feeding public presentation and gestational age strata ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) and had a important opposite association with yearss from the start of unwritten eatings until independent unwritten eatings ( P & lt ; 0.002 ) ( Lau & A ; Smith, 2007, p. 68 ) . Related Surveies This instrument was ab initio described in 1997, nevertheless, the prospective survey published by the developers in January 2011 was designed for the intent of utilizing the EFS as an nonsubjective tool for the appraisal of a preterm baby ‘s unwritten eating accomplishments. No other surveies using or measuring the unity of this instrument beyond the initial development were located in an electronic hunt of PubMed, Ovid Medline, and CINHAL databases. DecisionRelevance to Future StudiesEach of the instruments antecedently described has advantages and disadvantages as an instrument for measuring unwritten eating preparedness. Both the EFS and the NOMAS necessitate specialised preparation in order to be able to utilize them as a valid instrument of unwritten eating ability, whereas the OFS is a simple tool that is designed for usage by any caretaker of preterm babies having unwritten eatings. Neither the EFS nor the OFS has been used in any published clinical survey nor do they hold published dependability or cogency grounds. The NOMAS, on the other manus, has been examined more thoroughly and has multiple internal consistence, dependability and cogency surveies to back up its usage. Another concern of all three instruments is that they differ in both the designation of measureable factors that contribute to readiness for unwritten eatings and in factors lending to success at unwritten eatings, doing comparings between these instrum ents hard. One common happening when measuring each of these tools, nevertheless, is the fact that unwritten eating preparedness is a complex construct affecting a battalion of factors for consideration. Instruments to help with the measuring of this construct demand to be consistent with their theoretical underpinnings and construct analyses in order to be able to supply consistent, valid and dependable results that can be farther utilized for future research and farther construct elucidation. Well-designed surveies are needed to measure the cogency and dependability of both the EFS and the OFS as instruments of mensurating unwritten eating ability. Research workers should besides see utilizing one of these instruments in future surveies to prove the feasibleness and effectivity of intercessions that are designed to back up unwritten eating preparedness. Awareness and understanding of indispensable elements of the construct of unwritten feeding preparedness in preterm babies is necessary and w ill supply for farther elucidation of unwritten eating preparedness. It will besides take to greater consistence in the proviso of evidence-based nursing attention during feeding times for preterm babies hospitalized in the NICU.Greatest LearningThis activity was much more complex and involved than I originally thought it would be. I was cognizant of the fact that there were several instruments to mensurate unwritten eating preparedness in preterm babies, but was non cognizant of the changing theoretical underpinnings and by differences between these instruments in really mensurating unwritten eating preparedness and differences in general construct elucidation. I was besides non cognizant of the preparation involved for the usage of some of these instruments, either. The necessary preparation is non merely an added disbursal, but it adds to the trouble in being able to implement their usage in a big NICU scene such as the one I presently work in. We have a staff of 127 staff nurses who routinely orally feed babes as a constituent of clinical nursing attention. It would be really hard, every bit good as dearly-won, to develop every nurse in a sensible sum of clip without even sing turnover rates and the demand to develop new staff every bit good. A simpler instrument such as the OFS would be of greater benefit to nursing staff given current staffing tendencies and nurse to patient ratios at feeding times. I besides now realize that in order for an instrument to be able to sufficiently mensurate a construct, the construct must hold been sufficiently analyzed and the instrument must be valid and dependable as a measuring of the construct at manus every bit good as being simplistic to utilize. If this does non go on, consequences have a much higher chance of being erroneous and so the construct that is being measured merely becomes more ill-defined.